Although the 2015 MDG hunger goal remains within reach, progress is not even and many countries are unlikely to meet the goal of halving the prevalence of undernourishment by 2015. Many of these countries face severe constraints. For example, countries that have experienced conflict during the past two decades are more likely to have seen significant setbacks in reducing hunger. Landlocked countries often lag behind coastal countries as they face persistent challenges in accessing world markets, while developing countries with poor infrastructure and weak institutions find it difficult to implement policies to increase agricultural productivity and address inequities of access to food. This section looks at six countries – Bangladesh, Ghana, Nepal, Nicaragua,Tajikistan and Uganda – in more detail, finding a mixed picture of progress and setbacks, successes and shortfalls in the fight against hunger. Reducing poverty and hunger requires successful efforts over a long period of time, but the conditions – environmental, social, economic and political – that leave people vulnerable vary considerably from one country to another. Bangladesh, Ghana and Nicaragua have all managed to halve the prevalence of undernourishment since the beginning of the 1990s. This achievement is the result of a combination of factors, such as robust economic growth over decades, freer trade and, for Ghana and Nicaragua, political stability and favourable international market conditions characterized by high export prices. But, above all, it was the commitment of consecutive governments to long term rural development and poverty-reducing plans that has shaped the dynamics of change. Nepal experienced a period of prolonged conflict and political uncertainty which weakened the effectiveness of its institutions in both producing food and improving access to it.
Nevertheless, the country seems on track to reach the MDG hunger goal by 2015. Tajikistan, landlocked and with poor infrastructure and little additional land to bring into agricultural production, looks unlikely to reach the hunger target. Incomplete land reform in Tajikistan has slowed growth in agricultural productivity and incomes, but this has to some extent been offset by inflow of remittances from migrants. Uganda still faces significant challenges in undernourishment. With one of the highest population growth rates in the world, low agricultural productivity growth and a large part of the population living on $1.25 a day or less, the country seems unlikely to reach the 2015 hunger target.
#FoodSecurity
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Publisher:
FAO
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(2013
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Type / Script:
Publication
in English
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Keywords:
FOOD SECURITY, FOOD AND NUTRITION, FOOD PLANNING, FOOD POLICY, FOOD REQUIREMENTS, FOOD RESERVES, FOOD RESOURCES, FOOD SHORTAGE, RIGHT TO FOOD, HUMAN RIGHTS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC SECURITY, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT, AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, FOOD, FOOD PRODUCTS, FOOD SUPPLY, FOOD DISTRIBUTION, FOOD IMPORTS, FOOD TRADE
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Thematic Group:
FAO
:
Food and Agriculture Organization
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Thesaurus:
10.01.00
- Food And Nutrition
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Reference Link:
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